Helium protons neutrons electrons11/19/2022 ![]() The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is known as the mass number ( A) of the atom. Similarly, normal helium atoms contain two neutrons in their nucleus, along with the two protons but a ‘light’ isotope of helium contains only one neutron instead. Deuterium is said to be an isotope of hydrogen. It is still the element hydrogen (because it contains only one proton) but it is a ‘heavy’ form of hydrogen, thanks to the extra neutron. The nucleus of a deuterium atom consists of a proton and a neutron. Normal hydrogen atoms do not have neutrons in their nuclei, although there is a form of hydrogen – known as deuterium – that does. They therefore contribute to the mass of an atom, but not to its electric charge. Neutrons have a mass that is almost, but not exactly, the same as that of protons, which is approximately two thousand times the mass of the electron. The other constituents of atomic nuclei are particles known as neutrons (symbol: n) as they have zero electric charge. The nucleus of a carbon atom contains six protons, so the atomic number of carbon is 6 and the charge of the nucleus is +6 units. What is the atomic number of carbon? What is the electric charge of a carbon nucleus? The electric charge of an electron is therefore ‘−1’ unit. The electric charge of an electron is exactly the same as that of a proton, but negative instead of positive. So, the electric charge of a proton is said to be ‘+1’ unit. When speaking of the value of the electric charge of particles and atoms, it is most convenient to use the charge of a proton as the reference point. The number of electrons in a neutral atom is always the same as the number of protons in its nucleus. Elements are defined by their chemistry, and chemistry is all about the interactions of the electrons of the atom, not the nuclei. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is known as its atomic number ( Z) and it is this number that determines the chemical element. The next simplest atom, helium, has two protons in its nucleus lithium has three protons beryllium has four boron, five carbon, six and so on. The very simplest atoms of all, those of the element hydrogen, have a nucleus consisting of just a single particle, known as a proton (symbol: p). The nucleus is surrounded by one or more negatively charged particles known as electrons (symbol: e −), each of which has a much lower mass than the nucleus. Each contains a central nucleus (plural nuclei), which carries a positive electric charge as well as most of the atom’s mass. Whatever the type of atom, each one has certain features in common. I hope you have understood the simple method for finding the proton, neutron and electron of hydrogen atom.2.1.1 Electrons, protons, neutrons and isotopes Number of Electron in Hydrogen = Atomic number of Hydrogen = 1.For a neutral atom, the number of electrons can be found by knowing the atomic number of that atom.Number of Neutron in Hydrogen = Atomic mass of Hydrogen – Atomic number of Hydrogen = 1 – 1 = 0.The number of neutrons can be found by subtracting the atomic number from its atomic mass.Number of Proton in Hydrogen = Atomic number of Hydrogen = 1.The number of protons can be found by knowing the atomic number of that atom.Thus, the number of electron in Hydrogen is 1. In the beginning, we have found that the number of proton in hydrogen is 1. So the number of electron in hydrogen is equal to its number of proton (which is also equal to its atomic number). Here, the hydrogen atom is a neutral atom. For a neutral atom, the number of electrons and the number of protons are the same. ![]()
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